Macrophages in obesity are characterised by increased IL-1ß response to calcium-sensing receptor signals.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is complicated by inflammatory activation of the innate immune system. Stimulation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) by extra-cellular calcium ions ([Ca2+]ex) can trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammation. We hypothesised, that this mechanism might contribute to the activation of adipose tissue (AT) in obesity, and investigated [Ca2+]ex-induced, CaSR mediated IL-1ß release by macrophages in obesity. METHODS: [Ca2+]ex-induced IL-1ß release was investigated in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) generated from peripheral blood of patients with obesity and from normal-weight controls. Visceral and subcutaneous AT biosamples were stimulated with [Ca2+]ex, and IL-1ß release, as well as expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokine genes, was determined. RESULTS: Both MDM and AT readily responded with concentration-dependent IL-1ß release already at low, near physiological concentrations to addition of [Ca2+]ex, which was more than 80 fold higher than the LPS-induced effect. IL-1ß levels induced by [Ca2+]ex were significantly higher not only in MDM from patients with obesity compared to controls, but also in visceral versus subcutaneous AT. This fat-depot difference was also reflected by mRNA expression levels of inflammasome and cytokine genes. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity renders macrophages more susceptible to [Ca2+]ex-induced IL-1ß release and pyroptosis. Increased susceptibility was independent of the response to LPS and circulating CRP arguing against mere pro-inflammatory pre-activation of monocytes. Instead, we propose that CaSR mediated signalling is relevant for the deleterious innate immune activation in obesity.

Virtual grocery shopping and cookie consumption following intranasal insulin or placebo application.

Insulin receptors are present in brain areas that are involved in the control of hunger and satiety, and intranasal insulin is assumed to have an anorexigenic effect. This known influence of insulin on satiety encouraged us to investigate the effect of intranasal insulin on feeding-related behaviors. The aim of the current study was to explore the influence of 40 IU of intranasal insulin on the grocery shopping behavior and cookie consumption in a group of 30 healthy young men, using a crossover randomized double-blind design. Using a virtual mock supermarket, we tested whether the intranasal administration of insulin influences purchase behavior in comparison to a placebo or control condition. The participants also provided hedonic ratings of food pictures, as well as their subjective feeling of hunger. We calculated an objective measure of hunger from the amount of cookies eaten. In contradiction to our hypotheses, no significant differences regarding ratings, calorie content of purchased food products, and cookie consumption were found between the treatment conditions. Our conclusion is that 40 IU intranasal insulin had no influence on the evaluation of pictured foods in healthy young men in our task. Acknowledging that previous studies have found effects for intranasal insulin and food cue processing, we suggest that future research should focus on chemosensory stimulation or cognitive tasks in behavioral experiments and carefully consider the doses of intranasal insulin. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Perturbation of the Monocyte Compartment in Human Obesity.

Circulating monocytes can be divided into classical (CM), intermediate (IM), and non-classical monocytes (NCM), and the classical monocytes also contain CD56+ monocytes and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC). The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of the monocyte subpopulations in human obesity. Twenty-seven normal, 23 overweight, and 60 obese individuals (including 17 obese individuals with normal glucose tolerance and 27 with type 2 diabetes) were included into this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from human blood, and surface markers to identify monocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Obese individuals had higher numbers of total monocytes, CM, IM, CD56+ monocytes, and M-MDSCs. The number of CM, IM, CD56+ monocytes, and M-MDSCs, correlated positively with body mass index, body fat, waist circumference, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and HbA1c, and negatively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes had higher numbers of IM, NCM, and M-MDSCs, whereas those with obesity and impaired glucose tolerance had higher numbers of CD56+ monocytes. In summary, the comprehensive analysis of blood monocytes in human obesity revealed a shift of the monocyte compartment toward pro-inflammatory monocytes which might contribute to the development of low-grade inflammation in obesity, and immune-suppressive monocytes which might contribute to the development of cancer in obesity.

Prediction of preeclampsia in type 1 diabetes in early pregnancy by clinical predictors: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and possible clinical predictors of preeclampsia present in early pregnancy among women with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed was conducted in April 2017. Inclusion criteria were largely unselected cohort, including at least 100 women with type 1 diabetes, dealing with either the prevalence of preeclampsia or possible clinical predictors of preeclampsia identified in early pregnancy. RESULTS: Based on 11,518 pregnancies in 11 articles, the prevalence of preeclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes was 17%, five to six times more than in the background population. In early pregnancy, the following clinical predictors were associated with increased prevalence of preeclampsia: diabetic nephropathy (OR 3.7-23.5), microalbuminuria (OR 3.8-11.7), diabetic retinopathy (OR 1.9-2.9) and pre-existing hypertension (OR 3.8-17.1) as well as high blood pressure within the normotensive range. HbA1C, body mass index and nulliparity were positively associated with preeclampsia, but not consistently. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of preeclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes was 17%. In early pregnancy pre-existing hypertension and high blood pressure within the normotensive range as well as presence of microangiopathy were predictors of preeclampsia. Poor glycaemic control, obesity and nulliparity probably also contribute to the increased risk.

Possibilidades paliativas da terapêutica homeopática nas fases terminais da vida / Possibilities palliative of homeopathic therapy in terminal stages of life

Este artigo aborda um tema muito pouco discutido em homeopatia: o acompanhamento dos doentes terminais e moribundos. Para tanto, é apresentada uma síntese do oferecido pela literatura especializada, assim como o relato de um caso. Procura-se desta maneira despertar a atenção da comunidade homeopática para este tema, porquanto a homeopatia tem imenso potencial para aliviar estes pacientes e melhorar a qualidade de sua vida.

This paper approaches a subject very rarely discussed in homeopathy: the care of terminal and dying patients. It is presented a synthesis of available literature on this subject as well as a case report. In this way, the author seeks to call the attention of homeopathic practitioners, as homeopathy has great potential to offer relief to these patients and increase their quality of life.

Possibilidades paliativas da terapêutica homeopática nas fases terminais da vida / Possibilities palliative of homeopathic therapy in terminal stages of life

Este artigo aborda um tema muito pouco discutido em homeopatia: o acompanhamento dos doentes terminais e moribundos. Para tanto, é apresentada uma síntese do oferecido pela literatura especializada, assim como o relato de um caso. Procura-se desta maneira despertar a atenção da comunidade homeopática para este tema, porquanto a homeopatia tem imenso potencial para aliviar estes pacientes e melhorar a qualidade de sua vida.(AU)

This paper approaches a subject very rarely discussed in homeopathy: the care of terminal and dying patients. It is presented a synthesis of available literature on this subject as well as a case report. In this way, the author seeks to call the attention of homeopathic practitioners, as homeopathy has great potential to offer relief to these patients and increase their quality of life.(AU)

Hura brasiliensis: relato de experimentação brasileira contemporanea / Hura brasiliensis: report of contemporary brasilizan experimentation

O experimento patogenetico de Hura brasiliensis foi realizado em dos Estados no Brasil (Rio Grande do Sul e Mato Grosso do Sul). Este estudo tendo como experimentadores os medicos e veterinarios dos...(AU)

Sindrome Gilles de la Tourette: estudo de um caso / Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: study of a case

A Sindrome Gilles de la Tourette e uma enfermidade neurologica relativamente comum. Estima-se que 2,9 a 49,5 em cada 100.000 criancas podem apresentar a doenca. Os homens sao mais comumente afetados que as mulheres. A desordem e genetica, embora o gen ate o momento nao tenha sido localizado. A Sindrome e caracterizada por multiplos tics motores e vocais que persistem pelo menos por um ano. Um caso de SGT e tratado com homeopatia, e o paciente tem tido uma boa evolucao do caso clinico ate o momento

Protocolo de pesquisa para revisäo bibliografica das patogenesias / Research protocol for bibliographical revision of the pathogenesis

O presente Protocolo de Pesquisa para Revisäo Bibliografica das Patogenesias foi elaborado pe CP-AMHB com o objetivo de continuar a revisäo critica da materia medica homeopatica pesquisando suas fontes de registro, para ao final estabelecer um quadro confiavel de cada medicamento. Para tanto e apresentada uma proposta metodologica de trabalho constituida por 23 momentos, pelos quais o pesquisador caminha em um roteiro base de estudo que al final tornara possivel atingir-e o objetivo mencionado

Protocolo de pesquisa para revisao bibliografica das patogenesias / Research protocol for bibliographical revision of the pathogenesis

O presente Protocolo de Pesquisa para Revisao Bibliografica das Patogenesias foi elaborado pe CP-AMHB com o objetivo de continuar a revisao critica da materia medica homeopatica pesquisando suas fontes de registro, para ao final estabelecer um quadro confiavel de cada medicamento. Para tanto e apresentada uma proposta metodologica de trabalho constituida por 23 momentos, pelos quais o pesquisador caminha em um roteiro base de estudo que al final tornara possivel atingir-e o objetivo mencionado

A importancia da biopatografia na abordagem de uma paciente portadora de cisto ovariano / The importance of the biopathography in a case of ovarian cyst patient

A autora relata um caso de cisto ovariano, em paciente histerectomizada, reduzido atraves de tratamento homeopatico, ressaltando a importancia da historia biopatografica

A crise da biodiversidade e a medicina homeopatica / The biodiversity crisis and the homeopathic medicine

A autora relata o problema mundial da Biodiversidade e ressalta a importancia da extincao das especies medicinais para a Medicina Homeopatica

A importancia da biopatografia na abordagem de uma paciente portadora de cisto ovariano / The importance of the biopathography in a case of ovarian cyst patient

A autora relata um caso de cisto ovariano, em paciente histerectomizada, reduzido atraves de tratamento homeopatico, ressaltando a importancia da historia biopatografica

A crise da biodiversidade e a medicina homeopatica / The biodiversity crisis and the homeopathic medicine

A autora relata o problema mundial da Biodiversidade e ressalta a importancia da extincao das especies medicinais para a Medicina Homeopatica